![]() There is a significant unmet clinical need for a test for the early detection of patients having or developing sepsis. ![]() According to the surviving sepsis campaign, the early identification and management of sepsis remain unchanged. Despite the new Sepsis-3 definition that focuses mainly on patients with the worst outcome, early recognition and diagnosis of sepsis had been an essential part of sepsis treatment. The average mortality due to sepsis is about 30 to 40%. Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. This will avoid unnecessary and invasive investigations.Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. In the presence of recurrent abdominal/flank pain, hematuria without proteinuria or edema and urological symptomatology, especially in the presence of red urine, and a positive family history of gout or stones, a search for HU is in order. ![]() The presence of a positive family history and red urine were significant (P-value <0.05) for the presence of an underlying HU. Family history was positive for stones and/or gout in 62.5%. To our knowledge, the vaginal itching and penile pain were not previously described. The most common symptoms were abdominal pain 67.2% (in 7/44 it was localized to the right lower quadrant, mimicking appendicitis), flank pain 59.4%, increased urinary frequency 43.4%, urgency 39%, enuresis 31.25%, oliguria 29.7%, dysuria 25%, red urine 20.35%, vaginal itching 15.21%, dribbling 14.06%, orange urine 12.5%, hesitancy 12.5% and penile pain 7.81%. The relationship of symptomatology to age and gender were not significant. There were 228 symptomatic episodes for 64 patients (males 31, females 33). Duration of follow-up ranged was from six to 66 months. The mean age at diagnosis was 80 months (range six to 156 months). The patients were divided into HU 19, HU + HC 4, HU + HX 21 and HU + HC + HX 20. A retrospective review was done on 64 children with HU seen between January 2004 and December 2008. The aim of this study was to review the clinical spectrum of symptomatology of HU and to evaluate the presence of associated hypercalciuria (HC) and hyperoxaluria (HX). ![]() The clinical manifestations of hyperuricosuria (HU) are usually underestimated by the clinician.
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